题⽬：如何掌控你的空闲时间 How to gain control of your free time
作者: Laura Vanderkam
When people find out I write about time management, they assume two things. One is that I'm always on time, and I'm not. I have four small children, and I would like to blame them for my occasional tardiness, but sometimes it's just not their fault. I was once late to my own speech on time management. We all had to just take a moment together and savor that irony.
当⼈们发现我写关于时间管理的⽂章时， 他们都会假设两件事： 第⼀，我永远都准时， 但我并不是。 我有四个⼩孩， 我偶尔将迟到归咎于他们， 不过有时候真的不是因为他们。 我有⼀次在去我的⼀个关于时间管理的演讲时迟到了。我们都需要⼀点时间去好好地体味⼀下这有多么讽刺。
The second thing they assume is that I have lots of tips and tricks for saving bits of time here and there. Sometimes I'll hear from magazines that are doing a story along these lines, generally on how to help their readers find an extra hour in the day. And the idea is that we'll shave bits of time off everyday activities, add it up, and we'll have time for the good stuff. I question the entire premise of this piece, but I'm always interested in hearing what they've come up with before they call me. Some of my favorites: doing errands where you only have to make right-hand turns. Being extremely judicious in microwave usage: it says three to three-and-a-half minutes on the package, we're totally getting in on the bottom side of that.
第⼆，⼈们总是假设我有很多关于 如何节省时间的贴⼠和技巧。 有时候我听说⼀些杂志在写这⽅⾯的故事， 通常都是关于教读者如何在⼀天中获得额外⼀个⼩时。 基本思路就是从⽇常的每个活动中挤出⼀点时间， 加起来， 然后我们就有时间去做更有意思的事情了。 我对这个说法持保留意见， 不过我还是愿意听听 他们在找我之前有什么想法。 我最喜欢的⼏个是： 只完成那些只需要右转的事；在⽤微波炉时，要极度审慎： 当⾷物包装上⾯写了3到3.5分钟时， 我们要挑时间最短的那个。
And my personal favorite, which makes sense on some level, is to DVR your favorite shows so you can fast-forward through the commercials. That way, you save eight minutes every half hour, so in the course of two hours of watching TV, you find 32 minutes to exercise. Which is true. You know another way to find 32 minutes to exercise? Don't watch two hours of TV a day, right?
我个⼈最喜欢的是， 录下你最喜欢看的电视剧， 然后你就可以跳过⼴告了。 其实在某个程度上，还是挺有道理的。 这样，你每半个⼩时就可以挤出⼋分钟。 那么你⽤来看电视的两个⼩时中， 可以挤出32分钟锻炼的时间。倒的确是这么回事⼉。你还知道其他可以找到 32分钟锻炼时间的⽅法吗？ 不要每天都看两个⼩时电视就⾏了，对吧？
Anyway, the idea is we'll save bits of time here and there, add it up, we will finally get to everything we want to do. But after studying how successful people spend their time and looking at their schedules hour by hour, I think this idea has it completely backward. We don't build the lives we want by saving time. We build the lives we want, and then time saves itself. Here's what I mean.
总之，就是要在各处都省点时间，加起来就有时间 做我们想做的事了。但在我了解成功的⼈如何分配时间， 并看过了他们的时间表后， 我觉得这个想法是 完全本末倒置的。 我们不是通过节省时间来打造我们想过的⽣活。 我们应该先建⽴我们想要的⽣活， 时间就会⾃然⽽然节省出来。 我来解释⼀下。
I recently did a time diary project looking at 1,001 days in the lives of extremely busy women. They had demanding jobs, sometimes their own businesses, kids to care for, maybe parents to care for, community commitments -- busy, busy people. I had them keep track of their time for a week so I could add up how much they worked and slept, and I interviewed them about their strategies, for my book.
我最近有个时间⽇记项⽬， 观察最忙碌的⼥⼠⽣命中的1001天。 她们⼯作繁忙， 有时候是⾃⼰的⽣意， 有时候要照顾⾃⼰的孩⼦， 或者是照顾⽗母， 还有服务社区等等—— 都是⼀些很忙的⼈。 我让她们记录了⼀星期的⾏程， 计算她们⼯作和睡觉的时间， 为了我的书，我还采访了解了她们的常⽤策略。 其中⼀个被我研究过时间表的⼥⼠，
One of the women whose time log I studied goes out on a Wednesday night for something. She comes home to find that her water heater has broken, and there is now water all over her basement. If you've ever had anything like this happen to you, you know it is a hugely damaging, frightening, sopping mess. So she's dealing with the immediate aftermath that night, next day she's got plumbers coming in, day after that, professional cleaning crew dealing with the ruined carpet. All this is being recorded on her time log. Winds up taking seven hours of her week. Seven hours. That's like finding an extra hour in the day.
在⼀个周三晚上出去了⼀趟， 回家发现她的热⽔器坏了， 地下室都被⽔淹了。 如果你也遇到过这种事⼉的话， 你会知道眼前的景象 多么令⼈崩溃和沮丧。 于是那个晚上她⽴刻着⼿处理， 第⼆天她找了⼀个⽔管⼯， 第三天找了专业的清理⼈员 来处理损坏的地毯。 所有这些都算在了她的时间表内。 总共花了她⼀周中的七个⼩时。 七个⼩时。这就等于⼀周七天每天要挤出⼀个⼩时。 但是假如你在这⼀周 刚开始时就问她，
But I'm sure if you had asked her at the start of the week, "Could you find seven hours to train for a triathlon?" "Could you find seven hours to mentor seven worthy people?" I'm sure she would've said what most of us would've said, which is, "No -- can't you see how busy I am?" Yet when she had to find seven hours because there is water all over her basement, she found seven hours. And what this shows us is that time is highly elastic. We cannot make more time, but time will stretch to accommodate what we choose to put into it.
“你能在这周抽出七个⼩时 来参加铁⼈三项吗？”， “你能在这周抽出七个⼩时 指导七个有潜⼒的⼈吗？“ 我确定她会像⼤多数⼈⼀样， 说，”怎么可能，你看不出我有多忙吗？“ 但是她最后不得不抽出七个⼩时，因为她的地下室都被⽔淹了， 她挤出了这七个⼩时。 这件事告诉我们：时间是有弹性的。 我们不能创造更多时间， 但是时间会⾃⼰调整去适应 我们选择去做的事情。 所以时间管理的关键就是
And so the key to time management is treating our priorities as the equivalent of that broken water heater. To get at this, I like to use language from one of the busiest people I ever interviewed. By busy, I mean she was running a small business with 12 people on the payroll, she had six children in her spare time. I was getting in touch with her to set up an interview on how she "had it all" -- that phrase. I remember it was a Thursday morning, and she was not available to speak with me. Of course, right?
对待最重要的事情应该像 对待那个坏了的热⽔器⼀样。 要做到这⼀点， 我要借⽤我采访过最忙的⼈的话。 她经营着⼀个⼩企业， 请了⼗⼆名员⼯， 空余时间她还要照顾六个孩⼦。 我联系上了她，想要采访她关于 她是怎么做到“⽆所不能”的。 我记得那是⼀个星期四的早晨，她没时间和我说话。 当然了，她很忙。 但是她没时间和我说话的原因是，
But the reason she was unavailable to speak with me is that she was out for a hike, because it was a beautiful spring morning, and she wanted to go for a hike. So of course this makes me even more intrigued, and when I finally do catch up with her, she explains it like this. She says, "Listen Laura, everything I do, every minute I spend, is my choice." And rather than say, "I don't have time to do x, y or z," she'd say, "I don't do x, y or z because it's not a priority." "I don't have time," often means "It's not a priority." If you think about it, that's really more accurate language. I could tell you I don't have time to dust my blinds, but that's not true. If you offered to pay me $100,000 to dust my blinds, I would get to it pretty quickly.
她去远⾜了。 因为那是春季⼀个美丽的清晨， 所以她去远⾜了。 这样的她让我变得更感兴趣了， 当我最终联系上她时， 她说：“听我说，劳拉， 我做的所有的事情， 我花的每分每秒，都是我的选择。” 所以与其说， ”我没有时间做这个，这个，或者那个。” 她会说：”我不做这些事情因为 这些不是我的⾸要任务。“ “我没有时间”的意思通常是 ”那不是我的⾸要任务”。 其实你想想， 那的确是更准确的说法。 我可能会告诉你我没有 时间清理百叶窗， 但那不是真的。 假如你愿意付我10万美⾦ 让我给百叶窗除尘， 我会马上就去做。
Since that is not going to happen, I can acknowledge this is not a matter of lacking time; it's that I don't want to do it. Using this language reminds us that time is a choice. And granted, there may be horrible consequences for making different choices, I will give you that. But we are smart people, and certainly over the long run, we have the power to fill our lives with the things that deserve to be there.
既然那不可能发⽣，我可以说不是因为时间不够， ⽽是我不想做。 这么说提醒了我们， 时间是⼀种选择。 我会告诉你， 当然，不同的选择有时候会 带来可怕的后果。 但是我们都是聪明⼈， 从长远来看， 我们有能⼒去选择⼀些值得做的事， 来填补我们⽣命中的时间。 那么我们应该怎么做呢？
So how do we do that? How do we treat our priorities as the equivalent of that broken water heater?
我们要如何像对待那个 坏了的热⽔器⼀样 对待我们的⾸要任务？ ⾸先，我们需要找出哪些事最重要。
Well, first we need to figure out what they are. I want to give you two strategies for thinking about this. The first, on the professional side: I'm sure many people coming up to the end of the year are giving or getting annual performance reviews. You look back over your successes over the year, your "opportunities for growth." And this serves its purpose, but I find it's more effective to do this looking forward. So I want you to pretend it's the end of next year. You're giving yourself a performance review, and it has been an absolutely amazing year for you professionally. What three to five things did you do that made it so amazing? So you can write next year's performance review now.
我想给你们分享两个技巧。 第⼀个，从职业的⾓度来说： 我相信许多⼈在年底的时候会发出或者收到年度绩效审查。 你回头看看这⼀年的成功和 “成长的机会”。 这的确起到了它的作⽤， 但是我发现往前看会更有效。 我想让你们把这当做下⼀年的年底。 你在给⾃⼰做年度绩效审查，在专业⽅⾯，这⼀年的表现⾮常出众。 是哪三到五件事使 这⼀年变得如此出众？ 你现在就可以写明年的绩效审查。
And you can do this for your personal life, too. I'm sure many of you, like me, come December, get cards that contain these folded up sheets of colored paper, on which is written what is known as the family holiday letter.
你也可以在个⼈⽣活⽅⾯这么做。我相信你们许多⼈，包括我，在⼗⼆⽉， 都会收到这种夹着彩⾊纸的卡⽚。 上⾯写着“家庭假⽇信件”。
Bit of a wretched genre of literature, really, going on about how amazing everyone in the household is, or even more scintillating, how busy everyone in the household is. But these letters serve a purpose, which is that they tell your friends and family what you did in your personal life that mattered to you over the year. So this year's kind of done, but I want you to pretend it's the end of next year, and it has been an absolutely amazing year for you and the people you care about. What three to five things did you do that made it so amazing? So you can write next year's family holiday letter now. Don't send it.
听起来像是⼀个挺悲惨的⽂学题材，谈论家⾥每个⼈有多了不起， 或者更精彩点， 家⾥每个⼈有多忙。 但是这些信有它们的⽤处， 它们告诉你的朋友和家⼈ 你这⼀年⾥做了什么对 个⼈⽣活有意义的事。 那么今年快要结束了， 我想让你假装这是明年的年底， 对你和你在乎的⼈来说， 这都是⽆与伦⽐的⼀年。 哪三到五件事让你这⼀年 表现如此出⾊？ 其实你现在就可以写 明年的家庭假⽇信件了。 先不要发出去。
Please, don't send it. But you can write it. And now, between the performance review and the family holiday letter, we have a list of six to ten goals we can work on in the next year.
真的，不要发出去。但是你可以写。 现在，有了绩效评估和写给家⼈的信， 我们就有了六到⼗个 明年可以努⼒的⽬标。
And now we need to break these down into doable steps. So maybe you want to write a family history. First, you can read some other family histories, get a sense for the style. Then maybe think about the questions you want to ask your relatives, set up appointments to interview them. Or maybe you want to run a 5K. So you need to find a race and sign up, figure out a training plan, and dig those shoes out of the back of the closet. And then -- this is key -- we treat our priorities as the equivalent of that broken water heater, by putting them into our schedules first. We do this by thinking through our weeks before we are in them.
我们需要先把他们分成 可⾏的阶段性任务。或许你要写⼀个家族传记。⾸先，你可以读读别⼈的家族历史， 了解⼀下⼤概的风格。 然后可以想象你要问亲戚的问题， 约定和他们见⾯谈话的时间。 或者你想要参加⼀个 五千⽶的短程马拉松。 你需要先找⼀个竞赛报名， 再做⼀个培训计划， 从⾐柜底下翻出你的运动鞋。 然后——这是关键—— 我们将我们的⾸要事件视为那个坏掉的热⽔器， 将它们优先放⼊我们的⽇程表⾥。我们要在事情发⽣的⼏周前就先想好。
I find a really good time to do this is Friday afternoons. Friday afternoon is what an economist might call a "low opportunity cost" time. Most of us are not sitting there on Friday afternoons saying, "I am excited to make progress toward my personal and professional priorities right now." But we are willing to think about what those should be. So take a little bit of time Friday afternoon, make yourself a three-category priority list: career, relationships, self. Making a three-category list reminds us that there should be something in all three categories.
我发现周五的下午最适合处理这事⼉。周五的下午是被经济学家称为“低机会成本”时间。 我们⼤部分⼈不会在周五下午想着， “我要朝我的个⼈和 职业⽣涯的⾸要事件迈进了， 所以很兴奋。但是我们愿意去想那些事是什么。所以在周五下午花⼀点时间， 为⾃⼰做⼀个分成三类的⾸要事件的列表： 事业，⼈际关系，个⼈。 这样的三项分类列表提醒了我们 每⼀个类别都应该有⼀些事。
Career, we think about; relationships, self -- not so much. But anyway, just a short list, two to three items in each. Then look out over the whole of the next week, and see where you can plan them in.
事业，我们经常考虑； ⼈际关系，个⼈—— 很少会想。 ⽆论如何，只要⼀个短短的列表， 每个都包含两到三件事。 它们会帮助我们看清下周， 如何在下周计划这些事情。
Where you plan them in is up to you. I know this is going to be more complicated for some people than others. I mean, some people's lives are just harder than others. It is not going to be easy to find time to take that poetry class if you are caring for multiple children on your own. I get that. And I don't want to minimize anyone's struggle. But I do think that the numbers I am about to tell you are empowering.
你可以决定如何计划。这可能对⼀些⼈来说会⽐较困难⼀点。 我的意思是，有些⼈的 ⼈⽣就是⽐较复杂。 如果你⾃⼰有好⼏个要照顾的⼩孩， 想要找时间去参加诗歌班⼀定不容易。 我懂。 我不想轻视任何⼈的困难。 当是我觉得我接下来要说的数字 是会改变你的想法的。
There are 168 hours in a week. Twenty-four times seven is 168 hours. That is a lot of time. If you are working a full-time job, so 40 hours a week, sleeping eight hours a night, so 56 hours a week -- that leaves 72 hours for other things. That is a lot of time. You say you're working 50 hours a week, maybe a main job and a side hustle. Well, that leaves 62 hours for other things. You say you're working 60 hours. Well, that leaves 52 hours for other things. You say you're working more than 60 hours. Well, are you sure?
我们每周都有168个⼩时。24乘以7是168个⼩时。 这是⼀段很长时间。假如你有⼀个全职的⼯作， ⼀周是40个⼩时， 每晚睡⼋个⼩时， ⼀周是56个⼩时， 我们有剩下72个⼩时来做其他事情。 这是⼀段很长的时间。 假如你说你每周⼯作50个⼩时， ⽐如⼀份全职和⼀份兼职。 这样你还是有60⼩时去做其他的事情。 假如你说你每周⼯作60个⼩时， 你还是有52个⼩时去做其他的事情。 你说你每周⼯作超过60个⼩时， 你确定吗？
There was once a study comparing people's estimated work weeks with time diaries. They found that people claiming 75- plus-hour work weeks were off by about 25 hours.
曾经有⼀个研究对⽐了 ⼈们估计的⼯作时间，和实际的⼯作⽇记。 他们发现那些表⽰⼯作超过75⼩时的⼈， 有25⼩时的误差。
You can guess in which direction, right? Anyway, in 168 hours a week, I think we can find time for what matters to you. If you want to spend more time with your kids, you want to study more for a test you're taking, you want to exercise for three hours and volunteer for two, you can. And that's even if you're working way more than full-time hours.
你可以猜到这个误差 是多了还是少了吧？⽆论如何，在⼀周的168个⼩时⾥， 我觉得我们总可以找到时间 做我们想做的事。 如果你想花时间陪陪你的孩⼦， 或者准备你即将到来的考试， 你想锻炼两三个⼩时或者 做两个⼩时志愿者， 你都可以的。
So we have plenty of time, which is great, because guess what? We don't even need that much time to do amazing things. But when most of us have bits of time, what do we do? Pull out the phone, right? Start deleting emails. Otherwise, we're puttering around the house or watching TV. But small moments can have great power. You can use your bits of time for bits of joy. Maybe it's choosing to read something wonderful on the bus on the way to work.
即便你的⼯作时间远超过法定时间。 所以我们有很多时间，这很好。但是你知道吗？ 我们根本不需要那么多时间 去完成⼀个⼤⽬标。 但当我们有⼀点空闲时间的时候， 我们会做什么？ 拿出⼿机，是吧？ 开始删除邮件。 或者在家⾥闲逛， 看电视。 但是每个不起眼的时刻都潜⼒⽆限。你可以⽤零星的时间， 来获得零星的快乐。 ⽐如说在去上班的公车上 读⼀些精彩的东西。
I know when I had a job that required two bus rides and a subway ride every morning, I used to go to the library on weekends to get stuff to read. It made the whole experience almost, almost, enjoyable. Breaks at work can be used for meditating or praying. If family dinner is out because of your crazy work schedule, maybe family breakfast could be a good substitute.
当我以前的⼯作需要我 每天早上乘两趟公车 和⼀趟地铁的时候， 我周末会去图书馆找东西来读。 这⼏乎，⼏乎让我的⽣活更丰富了。 ⼯作间隙的休息时间可以 ⽤来冥想或者祷告。 如果你因为⼯作忙 ⽽不能吃家庭晚餐， 试⼀下家庭早餐。 这就是看着⼀个⼈所有的时间，
It's about looking at the whole of one's time and seeing where the good stuff can go. I truly believe this. There is time. Even if we are busy, we have time for what matters. And when we focus on what matters, we can build the lives we want in the time we've got.
然后找到什么时候可以做想做的事。 我真的相信， 我们都有充分的时间。 就算我们很忙， 我们仍然有时间去做重要的事。 当我们关注在重要的事上时， 我们可以⽤所拥有的时间 创造我们想要的⽣活。
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